Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially increase its transportation infrastructure investment in the United States

Summary 5

Glossary 6

1AC 1/5 7

1AC 2/5 8

1AC 3/5 9

1AC 4/5 10

1AC 5/5 11

Urban Sprawl Add-on 12

Urban Sprawl Add-on 13

Urban Sprawl Add-on- Link Extensions 14

Air Pollution Add-on 15

Air Pollution Add-on 16

Obesity Add-on 17

Car Accidents Add-on 18

Lack of Mass Transit Leads to Poverty/ Segregation 19

Lack of Mass Transit Leads to Poverty/ Segregation 20

Car Culture Leads to Systemic Violence 21

Inequality Should Come First 22

Answers to: No Impact to Poverty 23

Answers to: Segregation Declining 24

Solvency Extension 25

Answers to: No Riders 26

Answers to: No Riders 27

Answers to: No Riders 28

Answers to: No Riders 29

Answers to: Road Focus Good for Economy 30

[____] 30

Answers to: Road Focus Good for Economy 31

Answers to: Road Focus Good for Economy 32

Answers to: Road Focus Good for Economy 33

Answers to: Gentrification Turn 34

Answers to: Gentrification Turn 35

36

Answers to: Crime Turn 36

Answers to: Federalism 37

Answers to: States CP 38

Answers to: States CP 39

Glossary 42

Answers to: Urban Sprawl Add-on 43

Answers to: Urban Sprawl Add-on 45

Answers to: Urban Sprawl Add-on 46

Answers to: Air Pollution Add-on 48

Answers to: Obesity Add-on 50

Answers to: Obesity Add-on 52

Answers to: Car Accidents Add-On 54

No Harms – Segregation Declining 56

No Harms – Car Focus is Declining 58

No Harms – Poverty 59

No Solvency – Social Inequality 60

60

No Solvency – Social Inequality 62

No Solvency – Social Inequality 63

No Solvency – Car Culture 65

No Solvency – Car Culture 66

No Solvency – No Riders 67

No Solvency – No Riders 69

No Solvency – No Riders 71

No Solvency – Not Sustainable 73

74

Road Focus Better – Automobile Industry 74

Road Focus Better – Jobs 75

77

Road Focus Better- Economy Impact 77

Roads Focus Better- Answer to: No Trade-off 78

Road Focus Better – Answers to: Highways Declining Now 79

Crime Turn 81

Crime Turn – Impact Extension 83

Gentrification Turn 84

Gentrification Turn 86

Gentrification Turn – Link Extension 88

Spending Link 89

Spending Link 91

Federalism Link 92

Federalism Link 94

States CP Solvency 95

States CP Solvency 96

Capitalism Link 97

Port Security Aff – Table of Contents 103

Summary 104

Glossary 105

Glossary 106

1AC 1/5 107

1AC 2/5 108

1AC 3/5 109

1AC 4/5 110

1AC 5/5 111

Economy Add-On 112

Answers to: Port Screening Now 113

Answers to: Action Now Solves 114

Answers to: Terrorists Can’t Get Weapons Into Ports 115

Answers to: Port Disruptions Won’t Hurt the Economy 116

Answers to: Terrorists Can’t Get Weapons Into Ports 117

Answers to: Terrorism Not an Existential Threat 118

Answers to: Low Risk of Terror Attack 119

Answers to: Terrorists Can’t Get Material 120

Answers to: Terrorist Threat Decreasing 121

Answers to: Arab Spring Solves Terrorism 122

Answers to: Al Qaeda Threat Decreasing/Bin Laden Dead 123

Answers to: Detection Fails 124

Answers to: Terrorists Will Attack the Port Directly 125

Answers to: Plan Leads to Shipping Delays 126

States Counterplan Answers 127

States Counterplan Answers 128

States Counterplan Answers 129

Topicality – Infrastructure 130

Article: Maritime Industry Awaits Action in Congress 131

Article: US Bound Cargo Remains Vulnerable to Terrorists 133

Article: SMART Port Security 135

Port Security Neg – Table of Contents 137

Glossary 138

Glossary 139

Economy Add-on Answers 140

Economy Add-on Answers 141

Low Risk of Port Terrorism 142

Low Risk of Port Terrorism 143

Al Qaeda Threat Decreasing 144

Al Qaeda Threat Decreasing 145

No WMD Terrorism 146

No WMD Terrorism 148

No WMD Terrorism 149

No Solvency – Detection 150

No Solvency – Detection 151

No Solvency – Delays Turn 152

No Solvency – Delays Turn – Link Extension 153

Spending Link 154

States Counterplan Solvency 155

Topicality – Infrastructure 156

Summary 159

Glossary 160

Glossary 161

1AC 1/5 162

1AC 2/5 163

1AC 3/5 164

1AC 4/5 165

1AC 5/5 166

Answers to: Private Sector Solves 167

Answers to: Other Reasons the US Isn’t Competitive 168

Answers to: Climate Change Theory is False 169

Answers to: No Impact to Climate Change 170

Answers to: Climate Change is Too Fast 171

Answers to: Adaptation Solves 172

Answers to: US Irrelevant/China Key 173

Answers to: Transportation Sector Irrelevant to Climate Change 174

Solvency – Economy 175

Solvency – Economy 176

Answers to: State Governments Reject the Money 177

Answers to: Railroads Say No 178

Answers to: Government Action Undermines Rail 179

Answers to: Congestion Means People Won’t Use the Rails 180

Answer to: Urban Sprawl Turn 181

Answer to: Urban Sprawl Turn 182

States Counterplan Answers 183

Article: Can High Speed Rail Succeed in America 184

Article: Obama Plans Massive New High Speed Rail 186

Article: A Vision for High Speed Rail 187

Glossary 191

Glossary 192

Glossary 193

No Harms – Climate Change – Not True 194

No Harms – Climate Change – Humans Can Adapt 195

No Harms – Competitiveness – Private Sector Solves 196

No Harms – Competitiveness – Economic Collapse Doesn’t Cause War 197

No Solvency – States Will Reject 198

No Solvency – Climate Change 199

No Solvency – Climate Change – Too Fast 200

No Solvency – Climate Change – China Outweighs 201

No Solvency – Climate Change – Other Emissions Outweigh 202

No Solvency – Competitiveness 203

No Solvency – Competitiveness – China Example 204

No Solvency – Competitiveness – Other Issues Outweigh 205

No Solvency – Competitiveness – Other Issues Outweigh 206

No Solvency – Urban Sprawl Turn 207

No Solvency – Urban Sprawl Turn 208

No Solvency – Urban Sprawl Turn – Link Extension 209

No Solvency – Urban Sprawl Turn – Answers to: Urban Sprawl Increasing Now 210

Spending/Taxes Link 211

States Counterplan Solvency 212

Inland Waterways Aff 214

Summary 215

Glossary 216

1AC – 1/6 217

1AC – 2/6 218

1AC – 3/6 219

1AC – 5/6 221

1AC – 6/6 222

General Economy Add-On 223

General Economy Add-On 224

Hegemony Add-on 225

Hegemony Add-on 226

Harms – Waterway Infrastructure Failing Now 227

Harms – Infrastructure Failure Leads to Food Price Spikes 228

Harms – Infrastructure Key to Agricultural Exports 229

Answers to: No Impact to Food Shocks 230

Answers to: No Impact to Food Shocks 231

Answers to: Inland Transportation Funded Now 232

Answers to: Other Forms of Military Transportation 233

Answers to: No Impact to the Loss of US Global Leadership 234

Solvency – Coordination 235

Solvency – Military Readiness 236

Solvency – Congestion 237

States Counterplan Answers 238

States Counterplan Answers 239

States Counterplan Answers 240

Article: DOT To Turn Underused Waterways Into Marine Highways 241

Article: America’s Marine Highway Corridors 244

Article: Marad Reports to Congress About America’s Marine Highway 246

No Inherency 249

No Inherency 250

Economy Add-on Answers 251

Hegemony Add-on Answers 253

No Harms – Infrastructure Not Degrading 254

No Harms – Lock Closure Impact Exaggerated 255

No Harms – Lock Closure Impact Exaggerated 256

No Harms – No Global Starvation 257

257

No Solvency – General 258

No Solvency – Global Starvation 259

No Solvency – Congestion 260

States Counterplan Solvency 261

Taxes/Spending DA Link 262

Taxes/Spending DA Link 263

Oil Disadvantage Links 264

Oil Disadvantage Links 265

Federalism DA – Table of Contents 267

Summary 268

Glossary 269

Federalism 1NC Shell 270

Federalism 1NC Shell 271

Uniqueness – Federal Power Restrained Now 272

Uniqueness – Federal Role in Transportation Decreasing 273

Answers to: No Threshold 274

Answers to: No Threshold 275

Link – Transportation 276

Link – Transportation 277

Link – Federal Support/Block Grants 278

Link – Domestic Action 279

Answers to: Federal-State Power Not Zero Sum 280

Impact – Tyranny 281

Impact – Tyranny 282

Impact – Liberty 283

Answers to: State Power Harms Minority Rights 284

Answers to: State Power Decreases Efficiency 285

Article: Remaking Federalism to Remake the American Economy 286

Not Unique – Federal Power Growing 289

Not Unique – Federal Power Growing 290

Not Unique – Federal Transportation Influence Growing 291

No Link – Supremacy Clause 292

No Link – Grants 293

No Internal Link – Not Zero Sum 294

Strong Federal Government Good – Liberty 295

Strong Federal Government Good – Liberty 296

Strong Federal Government Good – Tyranny 297

Strong Federal Government Good – Minority Rights 298

Strong Federal Government Good – Efficiency 299

No Impact – Tyranny 300

No Impact – Tyranny 301

Summary 304

Glossary 305

Taxes Bad Disadvantage Shell 306

Taxes Bad Disadvantage Shell 307

Uniqueness – No Tax Increases Now 308

Link – Transportation Infrastructure Investment Increases Taxes 309

Answers to: Pay for the Plan Another Way 310

Tax Increases Hurt the Economy 311

Tax Increases Hurt the Economy 312

Tax Increases Cause Unemployment 313

Tax Increases Cause Unemployment 314

Tax Increases Cause a Recession 315

Tax Increases Collapse Investor Confidence 316

Tax Increases Collapse Investor Confidence 317

Answers To: No Impact On Small Business 318

Glossary 321

Uniqueness – Tax Increases Now 322

Uniqueness – Tax Increases Now 323

No Link – Won’t Increase Taxes Because of the Plan 324

Tax Increases Good for the Economy – Budget Deficits 325

Tax Increases Good for the Economy – Budget Deficits 326

Tax Increases Good for the Economy – History Proves 327

Answers to: Tax Increases Hurts the Economy 328

Answers to: Tax Increases Hurt Small Businesses 329

Answers to: Tax Increases Hurt Small Businesses 330

Glossary 361

Glossary 362

Non-Unique – Russian Economy Declining Now 363

Non-Unique – Russian Economy Declining Now 364

No Internal Link – Oil Decline Won’t Hurt Russia’s Economy 365

No Internal Link – Oil Decline Won’t Hurt Russia’s Economy 366

No Internal Link – Oil Decline Won’t Hurt Russia’s Economy 367

Internal Link Turn – High Oil Prices Discourage Russian Economic Reform 368

Internal Link Turn – High Oil Prices Discourage Russian Economic Reform 369

Internal Link Turn – High Oil Prices Discourage Russian Economic Reform 370

Internal Link Turn – High Oil Prices Discourage Russian Economic Reform 371

Internal Link Turn – High Oil Prices Facilitate Russian Militarism 372

Internal Link Turn – High Oil Prices Facilitate Russian Militarism 373

Internal Link Turn – High Oil Prices Facilitate Russian Militarism 374

No Impact – Russian Economic Decline Won’t Cause War 375

No Impact – Russian Economic Decline Won’t Cause War 376

Capitalism Critique – Table of Contents 378

Summary 379

Glossary 380

Capitalism Critique – 1NC Shell 381

Capitalism Critique – 1NC Shell 382

Capitalism Critique – 1NC Shell 383

Link – Infrastructure Investment 384

Link – Infrastructure Investment 385

Link – Railroads 386

Link – Highways 387

Link – Highways 388

Link – Highways 389

Capitalism Bad Impact – Collapse Inevitable 390

Capitalism Bad Impact – Collapse Inevitable 391

Capitalism Bad Impact – War 392

Capitalism Bad Impact – Terrorism 393

Capitalism Bad Impact – Economy 394

Capitalism Bad Impact – Energy Crisis 395

Capitalism Bad Impact – Environment 396

Capitalism Bad Impact – Environment 
 397

Alternative -- Rejection 398

Answers to: Transition Wars 399

Answers to: Transition Wars 400

Answers to: Permutation 401

Answers to: Permutation 402

Answers to: Capitalism is Inevitable 403

Glossary 406

Alternative Can’t Solve – Capitalism Inevitable 407

Alternative Can’t Solve – Capitalism Inevitable 408

Alternative Can’t Solve – Transition Wars 409

Permutation – Must Work Within the System 410

Capitalism Good – Freedom/Prosperity 411

Capitalism Good – Environment 412

Capitalism Good – Environment 413

Capitalism Good – Inequality 414

Capitalism Good – Democracy 415

Capitalism Good – Poverty 416

Capitalism Good – War 417

Capitalism Good – War 418

Capitalism Good – Collapse Not Inevitable 419

419

States Counterplan 1NC 422

States Net Benefit – Spending 423

States Net-Benefit – Federalism 424

Answers to: Perm – Do Both 425

Answers to: Perm – Do Both 426

Answers to: Perm – Do Both 427

Answers to: Counterplan Not Educational/Not Real World 428

Solvency – States Solves Transportation Policy 429

Solvency – Federal Government Fails 430

Solvency – Should Devolve Transportation Funding to the States 431

Answers to: Uniformity Best 432

Answers to: States Won’t Spend on Infrastructure 433

Answers to: Federal Implementation Key to Solve 434

Answers to: Federal Funding Solves Best 435

Answers to: Devolution Bad 436

Answers to: Race to the Bottom 437

Answers to: Race to the Bottom 438

Answers to: States Are Racist 439

Answers to: Mass Spending DA 440

Answers to: Mass Spending DA 441

Article: Federal Infrastructure Investment 442

No Solvency – State Funding Not Stable 450

No Solvency – State Funding Not Stable 451

No Solvency – State Funding Not Stable 452

No Solvency – Uniformity 453

No Solvency – Uniformity Ext. 454

No Solvency – Federal Government Key Generic 455

No Solvency – Race to the Bottom 456

Permutation – Generic 457

Stimulus DA 458

States Racism Turn 459

Massachusetts Spending DA – Shell 460

Massachusetts Spending DA – Shell 461

Massachusetts Spending DA – Shell 462

Massachusetts Spending DA – Extensions 463

Answers to: Federal Funding Inefficient 464

Answers to: States are Laboratories 465

Answers to: State Leadership Good 466

Answers to: Federalism Net Benefit 467

1NC – Increase doesn’t = create 470

1NC – In = Throughout 471

1NC – Substantially = without material qualification 472

Aff Answers – Increase includes create 473

Aff Answers – Increase includes create 474

Aff Answers – In = Within the Limits Of 475

Aff Answers – Substantially 476

Transportation Infrastructure Definitions 477

Transportation Infrastructure Definitions 478

Investment Definitions 479

Investment Definitions 480