Inks, papers, calligraphic styles
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V. Federici, _La Scrittura delle cancellerie italiane dal secolo XII al XVII_ (Rome, 1934). F. Gasparri, _L'Ecriture des actes de Louis VI, Louis VII, et Phillippe Auguste_ (Geneva, 1973). B.E.C. Guerard, _Cartulaire de Saint-Pere de Chartres_ (Paris, 1840). N.D. Harding, _Bristol Charters, 1155-1373_ (Bristol, 1930). W.H. Hart and P.A. Lyons, _Cartularium Monasterii de Rameseia_ (London, 1884-93). W. Hunt, _Two Chartularies of the Priory of St. Peter of Bath_ (Somerset, 1893). C. Johnson and H. Jenkinson, _English Court Hand, A.D. 1066-1500_ (Oxford, 1915). H. Jenkinson, _The Later Court Hands in England from the XVth to the XVII Century_ (Cambridge, 1927). W.T. Lancaster, _Chartulary of the Prior of Bridlington_ (Leeds, 1912). A.C. Laurie, _Early Scottish Charters prior to 1153_ (Glasgow, 1905). E. de Lepinois and L. Merlet, _Cartulaire de Notre-Dame de Chartres_ (Chartres, 1861-65). L.C. Lloyd and D.M. Stenton, _Sir Christopher Hatton's Book of Seals_ (Oxford, 1950). T. Madox, _Formulare Anglicanum, or a Collection of Ancient Charters_ (London, 1702). J. Mallon, _L'Ecriture de la chancellerie imperiale romaine_ (Salamanca, 1948). E. Monaci, et al. _Archivo Paleografico Italiano_ (Rome, 1882- ) [15 vols.] _Monumenta Germaniae Historica_ [a series of dozens of volumes providing texts for virtually all the extant Merovingian, Carolingian, and Holy Roman Imperial manuscripts, as well as patristic and ecclesiastical literature -- breathtakingly exhaustive German scholarship at its best]. E. Prou, _Recueil de fac-similes d'ecritures du Ve au XVIIe siecle_ (Paris, 1904). A.J. Robertson, _Anglo-Saxon Charters_ (Cambridge, 1939). J.H. Round, _Ancient Charters Royal and Private Prior to A.D. 1200_ (London, 1888). J.H. Round, _Calendar of Documents Preserved in France_ (London, 1900). H.E. Salter, _The Boarstall Cartulary_ (Oxford, 1930). H.E. Salter, _Facsimiles of Early Charters in Oxford Muniment Rooms_ (Oxford, 1929). W.B. Sanders, _Facsimiles of Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts_ (Southampton, 1878-84). F. Sauer and J. Stummvoll, _Codices Selecti Phototypice Impressi_ (Graz, 1960-1979). G.C. Simpson, _Scottish Handwriting, 1150-1650_ (Edinburgh, 1973). F.M. Stenton, _English Feudalism_ (Oxford, 1932). F.M. Stenton, _Transcripts of Charters Relating to Gilbertine Houses_ (Lincoln, 1922). R. Thommen, _Urkendenlehre_ (Leipzig/Berlin, 1913). J.J. Vernier, _Chartes de l'abbaye de Jumieges_ (Rouen, 1916). G.F. Warner and H.J. Ellis, _Facsimiles of Royal and Other Charters in the British Museum_ (London, 1903). C.E. Wright, _English Vernacular Hands from the Twelfth to the Fifteenth Centuries_ (Oxford, 1960). I hope that a bibliography of this sort is useful. In Service to the Society, Hossein Ali Qomi Subject:Awards & scrolls Date: 25 May 92 From: perkins at msupa.pa.msu.EDU (Jeremy de Merstone) Newsgroups: rec.org.sca Organization: The Internet Arval writes: > Graydon, you made one side point that caught my eye: > > > First off, the whole SCA concept of 'scroll' is a modern construction. > > I have only encountered such words as 'writ' and 'charter' and 'letters > > close' and 'letters patent' and 'capitulary' in reference to medieval > > legal documents. So the name is invented. > > Excellent point; let us dedicate ourselves to stamping out that word, and > adopting the more authentic terms. Can anyone give us precise definitions > of these terms and others related? Wait! Before anyone goes around "stamping out" the word "scroll", let's check the OED. Notes: "a" in front of a date means "before" (from _ante_); I have represented the letters "edh" and "thorn" by | , and the letter "yogh" by ignored, as have all OOP citations, and in-period citations beyond a limit of two per meaning. Scroll (meaning 1) A roll of paper or parchment, usually one with writing upon it. 14.. Nom. in Wr.-Wulcker 682/26 "Hec sidulo, a scrowle" a1513 FABYAN Chron VII (1533) 152b "He therfore redde the scrowle of resignacyon him selfe..." Scrowe (meaning 1) = SCROLL, meaning 1 a1225 Ancr. R. 282 " u hauest knif o | er clo | , mete | o er drunch, scrowe o | er quaer, holi monne uroure." | 13.. Coer de L. 3395 "Looke every mannys name thou wryte, Upon a scrowe off parchemyn." Roll (meaning I.1) A piece of parchment, paper, or the like, which is written upon or intended to contain writing, etc., and is rolled up for convenience of handling or carrying; a scroll. a1225 Ancr. R. 344 "Nis non so lutel inng of | eos | et | e deouel naue | enbreued on his rolle." | 1303 R. BRUNNE Handl. Synne 9287 "Wy hys te | e he gan to | drawe,.. at hys rolle to-braste and ro | (meaning I.2) {spec.} Such a piece of parchment, paper, etc. inscribed with some formal or official record; a document or instrument in this form. 1377 LANGL. P. Pl. B, xix, 460 "With _spiritus_intellectus_ they seke e reues rolles." | 1433 Rolls of Parl. IV 479/1 "That the rolles of accounte of the Baillifs, and the rentall rolle,.. and all Court rolles been putte and kepte in the cofre." [In Latin documents of the time, the terms "Sedulum" (1224), "Rotulus" (1142) and "Rollus" (1162), along with spelling variants and specifying adjectives were used for what we would call a "scroll".] As for Graydon's suggestions: Writ (meaning 3) A formal writing or paper of any kind; a legal document or instrument. a1122 O. E. Chron. (Laud. MS) an.963 "Hu se papa Agatho hit feostnode mid his write". a1200 in Kemble Cod. Dipl. IV 203 "Ich mid usen write | and (the more general meaning of "that which is written" goes back at least to the 10th century; a detour into French and back gave the synonym "escript" found from the late 15th century till after 1700) Charter (etymol. discussion) lit. A leaf of paper (in OE, called "boc", BOOK); a legal document or 'deed' written (usually) upon a single sheet of paper, parchment, or other material, by which grants, cessions, contracts, and other transactions are confirmed and ratified. (meaning 1) A written document delivered by the sovereign or legislature: [goes on to give specific reasons for such delivery with examples going back to the 13th century, including the Magna Carta] (meaning 2) A written evidence, instrument, or contract executed between man and man : [examples in three sub-categories from the 13th century on] (meaning 4) As a rendering of L. _charta_ taken: Paper; a paper, writing, letter, document, etc. [examples from 14th century from the Wyclif Bible] Letters Close ... the term doesn't seem to appear in the OED under either "letter" or "close". There is mention of "close rolls" being collections of "close writs" (grants under the Great Seal to private individuals for particular purposes) and similar items, with the earliest example from 1612. Letters Patent (meaning I.1 under "patent") An open letter or document, usually from a sovereign or person in authority, issued for various purposes, e.g., to put on record some agreement or contract, to authorize or command something to be done, to confer some right, privilege, title, property, or office... [examples from 1292 onwards]. Capitulary (meaning 2) A collection of ordinances (in mod. L. called _capitula_), especially those made on their own authority by the Frankish Kings. [examples of this and the variant form "capitular" all date from after 1600; as a *Latin* term (thus ignored by the OED), I have a reference from the 13th century of "capitularium", meaning the set of regulations of a religious chapter--JdM]. While several of Graydon's examples are perfectly fine alternate terms, there is nothing wrong with "scroll", either (and this is just English -- "escroue" plus spelling variants were the French versions). --------------------------------------------------------------------- Jeremy de Merstone George J Perkins perkins at msupa.pa.msu.edu North Woods, MidRealm East Lansing, MI perkins at msupa (Bitnet) Subject: Scribal arts (was Concep Date: 21 May 92 From: Stephen.Whitis at f4229.n124.z1.fidonet.org (Stephen Whitis) Newsgroups: rec.org.sca Arvcal wrote... >The East does not have standard promissaries. We do give out >promissaries from time to time, but they are done as needed by scribes >in service to the Crown, and I must say that they are often pretty >wonderful pieces of work on their own. I know that some kingdoms use >photocopied scroll-blanks as promissaries; I'd be interested to hear how >this varies from kingdom to kingdom. What does your kingdom give out >with an award? I too would be interested in how other kingdoms handle award scrolls. In Ansteorra, at AOA and Grant level, each award has one or more blanks which we call charters. A charter is similar to a coloring book page, being a B&W copy (on nice paper) which has the calligraphy and outlines for the illumination. The spaces where the recipients name, the date, the branch holding the event, and the crown signs are left blank and filled in as needed. These blank charters are distributed amoung the illuminers, who paint them to look like "real" scrolls. (Or a faxcimile thereof! :-)) In addition, and in theory, each person can request a "real" scroll, (Called an achievement) one at each major level. (AOA, Grant, Peerage.) The kingdom scroll person will assign that scroll to one of the advanced calligraphy/illumination persons, who will work with the recipient to come up with a scroll they will like, and this scribe will then make the scroll. The achievement will have their arms (if registered) and some reference to all the awards that person has received so far. (I'm not sure if they will assign achievements for someone who does not have registered arms, or if they do, how it is handled.) In practice, there is no backlog on the charters. (Though they usually are running close to empty.) But very few of the achievements are done. In fact, most people never make a request for an achievement. (IMO, because they don't expect to ever see it.) The few achievements that *do* get completed are usually from a situation where person A wants a scroll, and is a friend of person B, a scribe. They tell the kingdom person they are doing it, and do it. I could of course give my opinions about changes that I think should be made in our system, but I think I'll pass for now. Stephen Whitis/Stephen of the Grove Steppes/Ansteorra FIDO 1:124/4229 Date: 22 May 92 From: branwen at cerebus.ccc.amdahl.com (Karen Williams) Newsgroups: rec.org.sca Organization: Amdahl Corporation, Sunnyvale CA OK, so SCA award scrolls aren't period, and everyone assumes that calligraphy and illumination are free. What sorts of c&i would be valued (enough to sell) by the population, and be period? How about: a period recipe? a love poem? a war poem? an indulgence from the church? Do you think someone of Viking persuasion would love to own a copy of a saga (or part of one) done in the appropriate hand and with the appropriate illumination? Wouldn't a thirteenth-century recipe look great framed on your kitchen wall? (Eric Foxworthy wrote out "Louie, Louie" in Elvish, with illumination including gold leaf, and sold color photocopies at a con. They went quickly.) One of my upcoming projects is a bestiary (which I'm making for myself, wonder of wonders). I'd like to do a Book of Hours for myself, too, someday. Ah, and a carpet page. I'd love a carpet page. Anybody have any other ideas of valuable, period calligraphy and illumination? Branwen ferch Emrys The Mists, the West -- Karen Williams branwen at cerebus.ras.amdahl.com Awards & scrolls 25 May 92 From: Tim at f4229.n124.z1.fidonet.org (Tim) Newsgroups: rec.org.sca Fra Tadhg Liath unto Master Arval Benicoeur and all others unto whom these presents shall have come giveth greeting: JM> Graydon, you made one side point that caught my eye: JM> > First off, the whole SCA concept of 'scroll' is a modern construction. JM> > I have only encountered such words as 'writ' and 'charter' and 'letters JM> > close' and 'letters patent' and 'capitulary' in reference to medieval JM> > legal documents. So the name is invented. JM> Excellent point; let us dedicate ourselves to stamping out that word, and JM> adopting the more authentic terms. Can anyone give us precise definitions JM> of these terms and others related? Certainly. While I was one of the Shield Heralds of the Middle Kingdom ten years ago (and mundanely a law student) I did a report for Mistress Graidhne, then Dragon Principal Herald, on that very subject. The *carta* or charter was the most formal and solemn document produced by governments during the Middle Ages. They were invariably used for grants of rights "in perpetuity", such as lands, hereditable honors and franchises, and Papal privileges (called "bulls" from the lead *bulla* or seal). Charters were also used for solemn confirmations of prior grants (in |
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